Indian Biological Images Archive

Project Accession:	IBIAP_1000000007
Title:	Facilitating spice recognition and classification: An image dataset of Indian spices
Representative Image:
Description:	This data paper presents a comprehensive visual dataset of 19 distinct types of Indian spices, consisting of high-quality images meticulously curated to facilitate various research and educational applications. The dataset includes extensive imagery of the following spices: Asafoetida, Bay Leaf, Black Cardamom, Black Pepper, Caraway Seeds, Cinnamon Stick, Cloves, Coriander Seeds, Cubeb Pepper, Cumin Seeds, Dry Ginger, Dry Red Chilly, Fennel Seeds, Green Cardamom, Mace, Nutmeg, Poppy Seeds, Star Anise, and Stone Flowers. Each image in the dataset has been captured under controlled conditions to ensure consistency and clarity, making it an invaluable resource for studies in food science, agriculture, and culinary arts. The dataset can also support machine learning and computer vision applications, such as spice recognition and classification. By providing detailed visual documentation, this dataset aims to promote a deeper understanding and appreciation of the rich diversity of Indian spices.
Publications:	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2024.110936
Funding agency:	N/A
Grant Number:	N/A
Ethics Statement:	N/A
Any Other Information :	N/A
Additional File:	N/A
Acknowledgments:	We are grateful to Kasetsart University Sriracha Campus, Thailand and Vishwakarma University, Pune for their support and provision of necessary resources during this research endeavour. We would also like to extend our gratitude to Mr. Aditya Wandhekar of Vishwakarma University for his invaluable support in the evaluation of the dataset using pre-trained machine learning models.

Sr.No	First name	Last name	Email	Organization	Designation
1	Sandip	Thite	N/A	Vishwakarma University, Pune	Unspecified
2	Deepali	Godse	N/A	Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Engineering for Women, Pune	Unspecified
3	Kailas	Patil	kailas.patil@vupune.ac.in	Vishwakarma University, Pune	Principal Investigator
4	Prawit	Chumchu	N/A	Kasetsart University, Sriracha, Thailand	Unspecified
5	Alfa	Nyandoro	anyandoro@regent.edu	Regent University, Virginia Beach, VA, USA	Principal Investigator

Study Accession:	PPS_1000000011
Title:	Facilitating spice recognition and classification: An image dataset of Indian spices
Imaging Type:	Plant Photography (PP)
Imaging Sub-type:	Not Applicable
Summary:	This data paper presents a comprehensive visual dataset of 19 distinct types of Indian spices, consisting of high-quality images meticulously curated to facilitate various research and educational applications. The dataset includes extensive imagery of the following spices: Asafoetida, Bay Leaf, Black Cardamom, Black Pepper, Caraway Seeds, Cinnamon Stick, Cloves, Coriander Seeds, Cubeb Pepper, Cumin Seeds, Dry Ginger, Dry Red Chilly, Fennel Seeds, Green Cardamom, Mace, Nutmeg, Poppy Seeds, Star Anise, and Stone Flowers. Each image in the dataset has been captured under controlled conditions to ensure consistency and clarity, making it an invaluable resource for studies in food science, agriculture, and culinary arts. The dataset can also support machine learning and computer vision applications, such as spice recognition and classification. By providing detailed visual documentation, this dataset aims to promote a deeper understanding and appreciation of the rich diversity of Indian spices.
Keywords:	Agriculture, Culinary art, Food science, Indian spices, Spice classification
Additional / Any Other Information:	N/A
Release Date:	Dec. 12, 2024
Access Licence Type:	Open Access

Table 1. The sample types registered under this study are as follows:

Sample Type ID	Organism	Taxon ID	Biological Entity	Laterality	Source Tissue	Source Cell/Cell-line	Cell Organelle
PPSMT_10000000018	Cinnamomum tamala	397098	Leaf	Not Applicable	N/A	N/A	N/A
PPSMT_10000000019	Amomum subulatum	1008370	Seed/Seedpod	Not Applicable	N/A	N/A	N/A
PPSMT_10000000021	Carum carvi	48032	Seed	Not Applicable	N/A	N/A	N/A
PPSMT_10000000022	Cinnamomum verum	128608	Bark	Not Applicable	N/A	N/A	N/A
PPSMT_10000000024	Coriandrum sativum	4047	Seed	Not Applicable	N/A	N/A	N/A
PPSMT_10000000025	Piper cubeba	405322	Fruit	Not Applicable	N/A	N/A	N/A
PPSMT_10000000026	Cuminum cyminum	52462	Seed	Not Applicable	N/A	N/A	N/A
PPSMT_10000000028	Capsicum annuum	4072	Fruit	Not Applicable	N/A	N/A	N/A
PPSMT_10000000029	Anethum foeniculum	2849586	Seed	Not Applicable	N/A	N/A	N/A
PPSMT_10000000030	Elettaria cardamomum	105181	Seed/Seedpod	Not Applicable	N/A	N/A	N/A
PPSMT_10000000031	Myristica fragrans	51089	Aril	Not Applicable	N/A	N/A	N/A
PPSMT_10000000032	Myristica fragrans	51089	Seed	Not Applicable	N/A	N/A	N/A
PPSMT_10000000033	Papaver somniferum	3469	Seed	Not Applicable	N/A	N/A	N/A
PPSMT_10000000034	Illicium verum	124778	Fruit/Seed	Not Applicable	N/A	N/A	N/A
PPSMT_10000000035	Parmotrema perlatum	172635	N/A	Not Applicable	N/A	N/A	N/A
PPSMT_10000000020	Piper nigrum	13216	fruit	Not Applicable	N/A	N/A	N/A
PPSMT_10000000023	Syzygium aromaticum	219868	Flower	Not Applicable	N/A	N/A	N/A
PPSMT_10000000017	Ferula assa-foetida	52470	Stem/Root	Not Applicable	N/A	N/A	N/A
PPSMT_10000000027	Zingiber officinale	94328	Stem	Not Applicable	N/A	N/A	N/A

Table 2. The samples registered under this study are as follows:

Sample Type ID	Sample ID	Plant Part Used	Plant Variety Name	Sample Source	Geographic Location (latitude)	Geographic Location (longitude)
PPSMT_10000000017	PPSM_10000026611	Rhizome/Root	N/A	Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411,037.	18.4912368559697	73.8703350712397
PPSMT_10000000017	PPSM_10000026613	Rhizome/Root	N/A	Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411,037.	18.4912368559697	73.8703350712397
PPSMT_10000000017	PPSM_10000026615	Rhizome/Root	N/A	Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411,037.	18.4912368559697	73.8703350712397
PPSMT_10000000017	PPSM_10000026617	Rhizome/Root	N/A	Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411,037.	18.4912368559697	73.8703350712397
PPSMT_10000000017	PPSM_10000026619	Rhizome/Root	N/A	Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411,037.	18.4912368559697	73.8703350712397
PPSMT_10000000017	PPSM_10000026621	Rhizome/Root	N/A	Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411,037.	18.4912368559697	73.8703350712397
PPSMT_10000000017	PPSM_10000026623	Rhizome/Root	N/A	Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411,037.	18.4912368559697	73.8703350712397
PPSMT_10000000017	PPSM_10000026625	Rhizome/Root	N/A	Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411,037.	18.4912368559697	73.8703350712397
PPSMT_10000000017	PPSM_10000026627	Rhizome/Root	N/A	Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411,037.	18.4912368559697	73.8703350712397
PPSMT_10000000017	PPSM_10000026629	Rhizome/Root	N/A	Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411,037.	18.4912368559697	73.8703350712397
PPSMT_10000000017	PPSM_10000026631	Rhizome/Root	N/A	Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411,037.	18.4912368559697	73.8703350712397
PPSMT_10000000017	PPSM_10000026633	Rhizome/Root	N/A	Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411,037.	18.4912368559697	73.8703350712397
PPSMT_10000000017	PPSM_10000026635	Rhizome/Root	N/A	Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411,037.	18.4912368559697	73.8703350712397
PPSMT_10000000017	PPSM_10000026637	Rhizome/Root	N/A	Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411,037.	18.4912368559697	73.8703350712397
PPSMT_10000000017	PPSM_10000026639	Rhizome/Root	N/A	Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411,037.	18.4912368559697	73.8703350712397
PPSMT_10000000017	PPSM_10000026641	Rhizome/Root	N/A	Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411,037.	18.4912368559697	73.8703350712397
PPSMT_10000000017	PPSM_10000026643	Rhizome/Root	N/A	Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411,037.	18.4912368559697	73.8703350712397
PPSMT_10000000017	PPSM_10000026645	Rhizome/Root	N/A	Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411,037.	18.4912368559697	73.8703350712397
PPSMT_10000000017	PPSM_10000026647	Rhizome/Root	N/A	Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411,037.	18.4912368559697	73.8703350712397
PPSMT_10000000017	PPSM_10000026649	Rhizome/Root	N/A	Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411,037.	18.4912368559697	73.8703350712397

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Table 3. The experiment types registered under this study are as follows:

Experiment Type ID	Instrument Name	Instrument Type	Manufacturer	Model
PPET_10000000005	Camera	Smart Phone	Samsung	SM-E236B

Experimental Design Summary (PPET_10000000005)
This dataset comprises a comprehensive collection of 10,991 high-quality images showcasing 19 distinct types of Indian spices, captured at Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Each spice category—Asafoetida, Bay Leaf, Black Cardamom, Black Pepper, Caraway Seeds, Cinnamon Stick, Cloves, Coriander Seeds, Cubeb Pepper, Cumin Seeds, Dry Ginger, Dry Red Chilly, Fennel Seeds, Green Cardamom, Mace, Nutmeg, Poppy Seeds, Star Anise, and Stone Flowers is meticulously organized into separate folders. For each category, multiple images were taken from various angles and under different lighting conditions, ensuring a rich and diverse collection. The images were captured under controlled lighting conditions to maintain consistent quality. All images are saved in JPG format and have been resized to a uniform resolution of 810 × 1080 pixels for efficient storage and processing. The creation of the Indian spices dataset follows a structured five-stage process. First, Market Yard in Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra, India, was identified for its extensive variety of authentic spices. Then, 19 essential spices, including Asafoetida, Bay Leaf, Black Cardamom, and others, were carefully selected to represent the diversity of Indian cuisine. High-quality images were captured using a high-resolution smartphone camera under controlled lighting conditions, with multiple photographs taken from various angles. These images were manually labelled and classified into categories to ensure accurate and reliable data. Finally, the images were organized into folders based on spice type, saved in JPG format with a resolution of 810×1080 pixels, and systematically stored for easy retrieval and analysis, making the dataset a valuable resource for machine learning, image recognition, and culinary studies.The image acquisition stage involves capturing high-quality images of the selected spices. Using professional-grade cameras and lighting equipment, the spices are meticulously arranged and photographed from multiple angles with most images taken from the top view to ensure clear visibility of their distinct features.

Experimental Design Summary (PPET_10000000005)

This dataset comprises a comprehensive collection of 10,991 high-quality images showcasing 19 distinct types of Indian spices, captured at Market Yard, Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Each spice category—Asafoetida, Bay Leaf, Black Cardamom, Black Pepper, Caraway Seeds, Cinnamon Stick, Cloves, Coriander Seeds, Cubeb Pepper, Cumin Seeds, Dry Ginger, Dry Red Chilly, Fennel Seeds, Green Cardamom, Mace, Nutmeg, Poppy Seeds, Star Anise, and Stone Flowers is meticulously organized into separate folders. For each category, multiple images were taken from various angles and under different lighting conditions, ensuring a rich and diverse collection. The images were captured under controlled lighting conditions to maintain consistent quality. All images are saved in JPG format and have been resized to a uniform resolution of 810 × 1080 pixels for efficient storage and processing. The creation of the Indian spices dataset follows a structured five-stage process. First, Market Yard in Gultekadi, Pune, Maharashtra, India, was identified for its extensive variety of authentic spices. Then, 19 essential spices, including Asafoetida, Bay Leaf, Black Cardamom, and others, were carefully selected to represent the diversity of Indian cuisine. High-quality images were captured using a high-resolution smartphone camera under controlled lighting conditions, with multiple photographs taken from various angles. These images were manually labelled and classified into categories to ensure accurate and reliable data. Finally, the images were organized into folders based on spice type, saved in JPG format with a resolution of 810×1080 pixels, and systematically stored for easy retrieval and analysis, making the dataset a valuable resource for machine learning, image recognition, and culinary studies.The image acquisition stage involves capturing high-quality images of the selected spices. Using professional-grade cameras and lighting equipment, the spices are meticulously arranged and photographed from multiple angles with most images taken from the top view to ensure clear visibility of their distinct features.

Acquired Images Annotation Description (PPET_10000000005)
Following image acquisition, the dataset undergoes image classification, where each image is labelled with its corresponding spice category. This stage involves manually assigning labels to images based on the spice they represent.

Table 4. The experiments registered under this study are as follows:

Sample ID	Experiment Type ID	Experiment ID	Image type (Original / Derived / Unknown)	Any Other Information	Light Source	Camera Specifications	Images Resolution (in MP)	Aperture Value	Exposure Time	F Number	Focal Length	Metering Mode	Shutter Speed Value	Type of Images
PPSM_10000033572	PPET_10000000005	PPE_10000032094	Derived	N/A	21	Samsung-SM-E236B	810×1080	1.69	0.01	1.8	4.6	2	6.643	Spices
PPSM_10000033574	PPET_10000000005	PPE_10000032096	Derived	N/A	21	Samsung-SM-E236B	810×1080	1.69	0.01	1.8	4.6	2	6.643	Spices
PPSM_10000033576	PPET_10000000005	PPE_10000032098	Derived	N/A	21	Samsung-SM-E236B	810×1080	1.69	0.01	1.8	4.6	2	6.643	Spices
PPSM_10000033578	PPET_10000000005	PPE_10000032100	Derived	N/A	21	Samsung-SM-E236B	810×1080	1.69	0.01	1.8	4.6	2	6.643	Spices
PPSM_10000033580	PPET_10000000005	PPE_10000032102	Derived	N/A	21	Samsung-SM-E236B	810×1080	1.69	0.01	1.8	4.6	2	6.643	Spices
PPSM_10000033582	PPET_10000000005	PPE_10000032104	Derived	N/A	21	Samsung-SM-E236B	810×1080	1.69	0.01	1.8	4.6	2	6.643	Spices
PPSM_10000033584	PPET_10000000005	PPE_10000032106	Derived	N/A	21	Samsung-SM-E236B	810×1080	1.69	0.01	1.8	4.6	2	6.643	Spices
PPSM_10000033586	PPET_10000000005	PPE_10000032108	Derived	N/A	21	Samsung-SM-E236B	810×1080	1.69	0.01	1.8	4.6	2	6.643	Spices
PPSM_10000033588	PPET_10000000005	PPE_10000032110	Derived	N/A	21	Samsung-SM-E236B	810×1080	1.69	0.01	1.8	4.6	2	6.643	Spices
PPSM_10000033590	PPET_10000000005	PPE_10000032112	Derived	N/A	21	Samsung-SM-E236B	810×1080	1.69	0.01	1.8	4.6	2	6.643	Spices
PPSM_10000033592	PPET_10000000005	PPE_10000032114	Derived	N/A	21	Samsung-SM-E236B	810×1080	1.69	0.01	1.8	4.6	2	6.643	Spices
PPSM_10000033594	PPET_10000000005	PPE_10000032116	Derived	N/A	21	Samsung-SM-E236B	810×1080	1.69	0.01	1.8	4.6	2	6.643	Spices
PPSM_10000033596	PPET_10000000005	PPE_10000032118	Derived	N/A	21	Samsung-SM-E236B	810×1080	1.69	0.01	1.8	4.6	2	6.643	Spices
PPSM_10000033598	PPET_10000000005	PPE_10000032120	Derived	N/A	21	Samsung-SM-E236B	810×1080	1.69	0.01	1.8	4.6	2	6.643	Spices
PPSM_10000033600	PPET_10000000005	PPE_10000032122	Derived	N/A	21	Samsung-SM-E236B	810×1080	1.69	0.01	1.8	4.6	2	6.643	Spices
PPSM_10000033602	PPET_10000000005	PPE_10000032124	Derived	N/A	21	Samsung-SM-E236B	810×1080	1.69	0.01	1.8	4.6	2	6.643	Spices
PPSM_10000033613	PPET_10000000005	PPE_10000032135	Derived	N/A	21	Samsung-SM-E236B	810×1080	1.69	0.0083333333333333	1.8	4.6	2	6.906	Spices
PPSM_10000033617	PPET_10000000005	PPE_10000032139	Derived	N/A	21	Samsung-SM-E236B	810×1080	1.69	0.0083333333333333	1.8	4.6	2	6.906	Spices
PPSM_10000033619	PPET_10000000005	PPE_10000032141	Derived	N/A	21	Samsung-SM-E236B	810×1080	1.69	0.0083333333333333	1.8	4.6	2	6.906	Spices
PPSM_10000033621	PPET_10000000005	PPE_10000032143	Derived	N/A	21	Samsung-SM-E236B	810×1080	1.69	0.0083333333333333	1.8	4.6	2	6.906	Spices

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Experiment ID	Image File Name (with path)	Image Preview	Image Size
PPE_10000026396	Indian_spices/Asafoetida/Asafoetida81.jpg	Download Image	160K
PPE_10000026397	Indian_spices/Asafoetida/Asafoetida82.jpg	Download Image	164K
PPE_10000026398	Indian_spices/Asafoetida/Asafoetida83.jpg	Download Image	168K
PPE_10000026399	Indian_spices/Asafoetida/Asafoetida84.jpg	Download Image	164K
PPE_10000026400	Indian_spices/Asafoetida/Asafoetida85.jpg	Download Image	156K
PPE_10000026401	Indian_spices/Asafoetida/Asafoetida86.jpg	Download Image	148K
PPE_10000026402	Indian_spices/Asafoetida/Asafoetida87.jpg	Download Image	144K
PPE_10000026403	Indian_spices/Asafoetida/Asafoetida88.jpg	Download Image	140K
PPE_10000026404	Indian_spices/Asafoetida/Asafoetida89.jpg	Download Image	128K
PPE_10000026405	Indian_spices/Asafoetida/Asafoetida90.jpg	Download Image	128K

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