9R3A image
Deposition Date 2025-05-03
Release Date 2026-01-28
Last Version Date 2026-01-28
Entry Detail
PDB ID:
9R3A
Keywords:
RIBOSOME
Title:
Structure of Stalled Beta-Galactosidase 70S Ribosome Nascent Chain
Biological Source:
Source Organism(s):
Escherichia coli (Taxon ID: 562)
Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (Taxon ID: 469008)
Expression System(s):
Escherichia coli bl21(de3)
Method Details:
Experimental Method:
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Resolution:
2.86 Å
Aggregation State:
PARTICLE
Reconstruction Method:
SINGLE PARTICLE
9R3A validation report
Macromolecular Entities
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein bL33
Gene (Uniprot):rpmG
Chain IDs:A (auth: 0)
Chain Length:55
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7N9 Pfam ID:PF00471
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein bL34
Gene (Uniprot):rpmH
Chain IDs:B (auth: 1)
Chain Length:46
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7P5 Pfam ID:PF00468
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein bL35
Gene (Uniprot):rpmI
Chain IDs:C (auth: 2)
Chain Length:65
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)
UniProt ID:P0A7Q1 Pfam ID:PF01632
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein bL36A
Gene (Uniprot):rpmJ
Chain IDs:D (auth: 3)
Chain Length:38
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7Q6 Pfam ID:PF00444
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein bL31A
Gene (Uniprot):rpmE
Chain IDs:E (auth: 4)
Chain Length:70
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7M9 Pfam ID:PF01197
Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:E-site tRNA
Chain IDs:F (auth: 5)
Chain Length:2
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Beta-Galactosidase Nascent Chain
Chain IDs:G (auth: 6)
Chain Length:56
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)
Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:16S rRNA
Chain IDs:H (auth: A)
Chain Length:2904
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein uS3
Gene (Uniprot):rpsC
Chain IDs:I (auth: C)
Chain Length:233
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7V3 Pfam ID:PF07650, PF00189
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein uS4
Gene (Uniprot):rpsD
Chain IDs:J (auth: D)
Chain Length:206
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7V8 Pfam ID:PF00163, PF01479
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein uS5
Gene (Uniprot):rpsE
Chain IDs:K (auth: E)
Chain Length:167
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7W1 Pfam ID:PF00333, PF03719
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein bS6, fully modified isoform
Gene (Uniprot):rpsF
Chain IDs:L (auth: F)
Chain Length:179
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P02358 Pfam ID:PF01250
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein uS7
Gene (Uniprot):rpsG
Chain IDs:M (auth: G)
Chain Length:177
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P02359 Pfam ID:PF00177
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein uS8
Gene (Uniprot):rpsH
Chain IDs:N (auth: H)
Chain Length:130
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7W7 Pfam ID:PF00410
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein uS9
Gene (Uniprot):rpsI
Chain IDs:O (auth: I)
Chain Length:130
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7X3 Pfam ID:PF00380
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein uS10
Gene (Uniprot):rpsJ
Chain IDs:P (auth: J)
Chain Length:123
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7R5 Pfam ID:PF00338
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein uS11
Gene (Uniprot):rpsK
Chain IDs:Q (auth: K)
Chain Length:144
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7R9 Pfam ID:PF00411
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein uS12
Gene (Uniprot):rpsL
Chain IDs:R (auth: L)
Chain Length:124
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7S3 Pfam ID:PF00164
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein uS13
Gene (Uniprot):rpsM
Chain IDs:S (auth: M)
Chain Length:127
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7S9 Pfam ID:PF00416
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein uS14
Gene (Uniprot):rpsN
Chain IDs:T (auth: N)
Chain Length:101
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0AG59 Pfam ID:PF00253
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein uS15
Gene (Uniprot):rpsO
Chain IDs:U (auth: O)
Chain Length:115
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0ADZ4 Pfam ID:PF00312
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein bS16
Gene (Uniprot):rpsP
Chain IDs:V (auth: P)
Chain Length:118
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7T3 Pfam ID:PF00886
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein uS17
Gene (Uniprot):rpsQ
Chain IDs:W (auth: Q)
Chain Length:84
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0AG63 Pfam ID:PF00366
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein bS18
Gene (Uniprot):rpsR
Chain IDs:X (auth: R)
Chain Length:75
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7T7 Pfam ID:PF01084
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein uS19
Gene (Uniprot):rpsS
Chain IDs:Y (auth: S)
Chain Length:92
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7U3 Pfam ID:PF00203
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein bS20
Gene (Uniprot):rpsT
Chain IDs:Z (auth: T)
Chain Length:87
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7U7 Pfam ID:PF01649
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein bS21
Gene (Uniprot):rpsU
Chain IDs:AA (auth: U)
Chain Length:71
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P68679 Pfam ID:PF01165
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein uS2
Gene (Uniprot):rpsB
Chain IDs:BA (auth: V)
Chain Length:85
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7V0 Pfam ID:PF00318
Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:A-site tRNA
Chain IDs:CA (auth: Y)
Chain Length:77
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:P-site tRNA
Chain IDs:DA (auth: Z)
Chain Length:57
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:23S rRNA
Chain IDs:EA (auth: a)
Chain Length:2904
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:5S rRNA
Chain IDs:FA (auth: b)
Chain Length:120
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein uL2
Gene (Uniprot):rplB
Chain IDs:GA (auth: c)
Chain Length:233
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P60422 Pfam ID:PF00181, PF03947
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:50S ribosomal protein L3
Gene (Uniprot):rplC
Chain IDs:HA (auth: d)
Chain Length:206
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P60438 Pfam ID:PF00297
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein uL4
Gene (Uniprot):rplD
Chain IDs:IA (auth: e)
Chain Length:167
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P60723 Pfam ID:PF00573
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein uL5
Gene (Uniprot):rplE
Chain IDs:JA (auth: f)
Chain Length:179
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P62399 Pfam ID:PF00281, PF00673
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein uL6
Gene (Uniprot):rplF
Chain IDs:KA (auth: g)
Chain Length:177
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0AG55 Pfam ID:PF00347
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein bL9
Gene (Uniprot):rplI
Chain IDs:LA (auth: h)
Chain Length:130
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7R1 Pfam ID:PF01281, PF03948
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein uL13
Gene (Uniprot):rplM
Chain IDs:MA (auth: i)
Chain Length:130
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0AA10 Pfam ID:PF00572
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein uL14
Gene (Uniprot):rplN
Chain IDs:NA (auth: j)
Chain Length:123
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0ADY3 Pfam ID:PF00238
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein uL15
Gene (Uniprot):rplO
Chain IDs:OA (auth: k)
Chain Length:144
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P02413 Pfam ID:PF00828
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein uL16
Gene (Uniprot):rplP
Chain IDs:PA (auth: l)
Chain Length:124
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0ADY7 Pfam ID:PF00252
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein bL17
Gene (Uniprot):rplQ
Chain IDs:QA (auth: m)
Chain Length:127
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0AG44 Pfam ID:PF01196
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein uL18
Gene (Uniprot):rplR
Chain IDs:RA (auth: n)
Chain Length:101
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0C018 Pfam ID:PF00861
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein bL19
Gene (Uniprot):rplS
Chain IDs:SA (auth: o)
Chain Length:115
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7K6 Pfam ID:PF01245
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein bL20
Gene (Uniprot):rplT
Chain IDs:TA (auth: p)
Chain Length:118
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7L3 Pfam ID:PF00453
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein bL21
Gene (Uniprot):rplU
Chain IDs:UA (auth: q)
Chain Length:84
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0AG48 Pfam ID:PF00829
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein uL22
Gene (Uniprot):rplV
Chain IDs:VA (auth: r)
Chain Length:75
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P61175 Pfam ID:PF00237
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein uL23
Gene (Uniprot):rplW
Chain IDs:WA (auth: s)
Chain Length:92
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0ADZ0 Pfam ID:PF00276
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein uL24
Gene (Uniprot):rplX
Chain IDs:XA (auth: t)
Chain Length:87
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P60624 Pfam ID:PF00467, PF17136
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein bL25
Gene (Uniprot):rplY
Chain IDs:YA (auth: u)
Chain Length:71
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P68919 Pfam ID:PF01386
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein bL27
Gene (Uniprot):rpmA
Chain IDs:ZA (auth: v)
Chain Length:85
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7L8 Pfam ID:PF01016
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein bL28
Gene (Uniprot):rpmB
Chain IDs:AB (auth: w)
Chain Length:78
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7M2 Pfam ID:PF00830
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein uL29
Gene (Uniprot):rpmC
Chain IDs:BB (auth: x)
Chain Length:63
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7M6 Pfam ID:PF00831
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein uL30
Gene (Uniprot):rpmD
Chain IDs:CB (auth: y)
Chain Length:77
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0AG51 Pfam ID:PF00327
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit protein bL32
Gene (Uniprot):rpmF
Chain IDs:DB (auth: z)
Chain Length:57
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Escherichia coli
UniProt ID:P0A7N4 Pfam ID:PF01783
Modified Residue
Compound ID Chain ID Parent Comp ID Details 2D Image
4D4 PA ARG modified residue
G7M H G modified residue
MA6 H A modified residue
MS6 PA MET modified residue
Ligand Molecules
K
MG
PRO
ZN
Primary Citation
The ribosome synchronizes folding and assembly to promote oligomeric protein biogenesis.
Mol.Cell ? ? ? (2026)
PMID: 41558483 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2025.12.022

Abstact

Natural proteins often form intricate multidomain, oligomeric architectures. This presents a prima facie challenge to cellular homeostasis, as topologically complex proteins seldom refold efficiently in vitro. Here, we show that the efficient folding and assembly of the five-domain homotetramer β-galactosidase is obligatorily coupled to its synthesis on the ribosome, and we define the underlying mechanisms. During refolding from a denaturant, maturation of the catalytic domain is frustrated. Assembly outpaces monomer folding, and non-native oligomers accumulate. Efficient de novo folding is characterized by segmental domain folding, shaped by the binding of a nascent amphipathic helix to a cryptic pocket on uL23 on the ribosome surface. Homomer assembly also initiates cotranslationally via recruitment of a full-length subunit to the nascent polypeptide, and the failure to do so results in misassembly. Our results reveal how the ribosome can dictate the timing of folding and assembly to enable efficient biogenesis of a topologically complex protein.

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Primary Citation of related structures
9R3A
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