ISDA

Deposition Date 2024-12-17

Release Date 2025-06-11

Last Version Date 2025-06-11

Entry Detail

PDB ID:

9HQV

Keywords:

RIBOSOME

Title:

Cryo-EM structure of the small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome from Toxoplasma gondii

Biological Source:

Source Organism:

Toxoplasma gondii (Taxon ID: 5811)

Method Details:

Experimental Method:

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Resolution:

2.52 Å

Aggregation State:

PARTICLE

Reconstruction Method:

SINGLE PARTICLE

Download Validation Report

Macromolecular Entities

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family protein
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_019270
Chain IDs:A (auth: BA)
Chain Length:160
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6KGS2 Pfam ID:PF16113

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS75
Chain IDs:B (auth: BB)
Chain Length:25
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Pentatricopeptide repeat domain-containing protein
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_015100
Chain IDs:C (auth: BC)
Chain Length:686
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6KDF6

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS92
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_012710
Chain IDs:D (auth: BD)
Chain Length:129
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6KCE0

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Ribosomal protein, uS2m
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_077160
Chain IDs:E (auth: Ba)
Chain Length:160
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6K4L0

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Putative 30S ribosomal protein S5
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_026070
Chain IDs:F (auth: Bb)
Chain Length:25
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6KBH4 Pfam ID:PF00333

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Putative mitochondrial ribosomal protein s6-2
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_026740
Chain IDs:G (auth: Bc)
Chain Length:686
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6K9W0 Pfam ID:PF01250

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Putative ribosomal protein S8
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_069320
Chain IDs:H (auth: Bd)
Chain Length:129
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6K132 Pfam ID:PF00410

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Putative ribosomal protein S9
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_022730
Chain IDs:I (auth: Be)
Chain Length:530
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6KFS1 Pfam ID:PF00380

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:uS10m
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_069230
Chain IDs:J (auth: Bf)
Chain Length:239
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6K2E1

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Putative ribosomal protein S11
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_075440
Chain IDs:K (auth: Bg)
Chain Length:393
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6K2Q1

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Putative 30S ribosomal protein S12
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_057870
Chain IDs:L (auth: Bh)
Chain Length:594
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6JTW0 Pfam ID:PF00164

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:us13m
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_010790
Chain IDs:M (auth: Bi)
Chain Length:110
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6KC71

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Putative ribosomal protein S14
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_066030
Chain IDs:N (auth: Bj)
Chain Length:112
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6JW76

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Putative 30S ribosomal protein S15
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_056540
Chain IDs:O (auth: Bk)
Chain Length:395
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6JZR0 Pfam ID:PF00312

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Putative 30S ribosomal protein S16
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_008140
Chain IDs:P (auth: Bl)
Chain Length:167
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6KCY1 Pfam ID:PF00886

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Putative ribosomal protein S17
Gene (Uniprot):TGGT1_273060
Chain IDs:Q (auth: Bm)
Chain Length:116
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A125YU94 Pfam ID:PF00366

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Putative ribosomal protein S18
Gene (Uniprot):TGGT1_222990
Chain IDs:R (auth: Bn)
Chain Length:738
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:S7VTU6 Pfam ID:PF01084

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Ribosomal protein, bS21m
Gene (Uniprot):TGME49_248790
Chain IDs:S (auth: Bo)
Chain Length:243
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:S8G0I7

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS23
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_047170
Chain IDs:T (auth: Bp)
Chain Length:377
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6K2Y2

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein, mS26
Gene (Uniprot):TGDOM2_225380
Chain IDs:U (auth: Bq)
Chain Length:447
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A086KM95

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein mS29
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_049610
Chain IDs:V (auth: Br)
Chain Length:545
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6JWV4 Pfam ID:PF10236

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:DNA double-strand break repair rad50 ATPase
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_042050
Chain IDs:W (auth: Bs)
Chain Length:616
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6K0I6

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS34
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_041300
Chain IDs:X (auth: Bt)
Chain Length:302
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6JYF4

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit protein mS35 mitochondrial conserved domain-containing protein
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_035400
Chain IDs:Y (auth: Bu)
Chain Length:584
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6K5S5 Pfam ID:PF10213

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:CHCH domain-containing protein
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_052300
Chain IDs:Z (auth: Bv)
Chain Length:138
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6JX47

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial mRNA-processing protein COX24 C-terminal domain-containing protein
Gene (Uniprot):BN1205_040235
Chain IDs:AA (auth: Bx)
Chain Length:263
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A0F7UNZ9

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Homeodomain-like containing protein
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_013790
Chain IDs:BA (auth: By)
Chain Length:597
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6KAD0

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS45
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_039590
Chain IDs:CA (auth: Bz)
Chain Length:531
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6JZ68

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:SSU-1
Chain IDs:MB (auth: SA)
Chain Length:91
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:SSU-2
Chain IDs:NB (auth: SB)
Chain Length:28
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:SSU-3
Chain IDs:OB (auth: SC)
Chain Length:23
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:SSU-4
Chain IDs:PB (auth: SD)
Chain Length:47
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:SSU-5
Chain IDs:QB (auth: SE)
Chain Length:73
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:SSU-6
Chain IDs:RB (auth: SF)
Chain Length:120
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:SSU-7
Chain IDs:SB (auth: SG)
Chain Length:26
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:SSU-8
Chain IDs:TB (auth: SH)
Chain Length:25
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:SSU-9
Chain IDs:UB (auth: SI)
Chain Length:53
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:SSU-10
Chain IDs:VB (auth: SJ)
Chain Length:93
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:SSU-11
Chain IDs:WB (auth: SK)
Chain Length:114
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:SSU-12
Chain IDs:XB (auth: SL)
Chain Length:28
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:SSU-13
Chain IDs:YB (auth: SM)
Chain Length:75
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:SSU-14
Chain IDs:ZB (auth: SN)
Chain Length:24
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:SSU-15
Chain IDs:AC (auth: SO)
Chain Length:16
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:SSU-16
Chain IDs:BC (auth: SP)
Chain Length:33
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:SSU-17
Chain IDs:CC (auth: SQ)
Chain Length:56
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:SSU-18
Chain IDs:DC (auth: SR)
Chain Length:34
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:SSU-19
Chain IDs:EC (auth: SS)
Chain Length:12
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:SSU-20
Chain IDs:FC (auth: ST)
Chain Length:24
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:SSU-21
Chain IDs:GC (auth: SU)
Chain Length:54
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:tRNA E-site
Chain IDs:HC (auth: TP)
Chain Length:21
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:Chain UC
Chain IDs:IC (auth: UC)
Chain Length:10
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:UNK1
Chain IDs:DA (auth: Ua)
Chain Length:20
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:UNK2
Chain IDs:EA (auth: Ub)
Chain Length:7
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:UNK3
Chain IDs:FA (auth: Uc)
Chain Length:10
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:UNK4
Chain IDs:GA (auth: Ud)
Chain Length:72
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Chain Uh
Chain IDs:HA (auth: Uh)
Chain Length:56
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Unknown peptide
Chain IDs:IA (auth: Ui), KA (auth: Uk)
Chain Length:13
Number of Molecules:2
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Chain Uj
Chain IDs:JA (auth: Uj)
Chain Length:60
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:GLY-ARG-SER-LYS-VAL-LEU-ILE-ARG-ARG-LEU-LYS-GLU-ARG-ALA-LYS-LYS-GLU-ALA-GLU-LYS-LYS-ALA
Chain IDs:LA (auth: Ul)
Chain Length:22
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:ARG-ALA-GLU-LEU-VAL-ALA-ALA-GLN-VAL-ARG-GLU-LYS-LEU-ALA-ILE-LYS-MET-ALA-ASN-ALA-LEU-ALA
Chain IDs:MA (auth: Um)
Chain Length:22
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Chain Un
Chain IDs:NA (auth: Un)
Chain Length:24
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:chain Uo
Chain IDs:OA (auth: Uo)
Chain Length:26
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:chain Up
Chain IDs:PA (auth: Up)
Chain Length:24
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:chain Uq
Chain IDs:QA (auth: Uq)
Chain Length:32
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS117
Gene (Uniprot):TGGT1_229740
Chain IDs:RA (auth: Ya)
Chain Length:551
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:S7V2J1

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit,related protein
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_047300
Chain IDs:SA (auth: Yb)
Chain Length:1048
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6K1B3

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS119
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_001960
Chain IDs:TA (auth: Yc)
Chain Length:268
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6KFI1

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS120
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_023520
Chain IDs:UA (auth: Yd)
Chain Length:680
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6K8Y5

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS121
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_051630
Chain IDs:VA (auth: Ye)
Chain Length:304
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6JZ58

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Macro domain-containing protein
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_074400
Chain IDs:WA (auth: Yf)
Chain Length:698
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6K475 Pfam ID:PF01661

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Thioredoxin domain-containing protein
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_067180
Chain IDs:XA (auth: Yg)
Chain Length:940
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6K257

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS124
Chain IDs:YA (auth: Yh)
Chain Length:280
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS125
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_049830
Chain IDs:ZA (auth: Yi)
Chain Length:930
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6JYP0

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:DnaJ domain-containing protein
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_008210
Chain IDs:AB (auth: Yj)
Chain Length:233
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6KC34

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:RAP domain-containing protein
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_002670
Chain IDs:BB (auth: Yk)
Chain Length:1547
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6KGV4

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS128
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_001440
Chain IDs:CB (auth: Yl)
Chain Length:316
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6KEX1

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:RAP domain-containing protein
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_082860
Chain IDs:DB (auth: Ym)
Chain Length:801
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6K7K5

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:AP2 domain transcription factor AP2IX-6
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_014850
Chain IDs:EB (auth: Yn)
Chain Length:432
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6KDC3

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS131
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_022840
Chain IDs:FB (auth: Yo)
Chain Length:421
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6KFW2

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS132
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_046820
Chain IDs:GB (auth: Yp)
Chain Length:181
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6K2N1

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS133
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_019760
Chain IDs:LB (auth: Yq)
Chain Length:302
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:B9PYD6

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Acylphosphatase-like domain-containing protein
Gene (Uniprot):TGGT1_249790
Chain IDs:HB (auth: Yr)
Chain Length:235
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A125YXT0

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS135
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_067310
Chain IDs:IB (auth: Ys)
Chain Length:181
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6K0G8

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS136
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_041110
Chain IDs:JB (auth: Yt)
Chain Length:475
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6K0Z5

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS137
Chain IDs:KB (auth: Yu)
Chain Length:367
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

Protein Blast

Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS138
Gene (Uniprot):TGRH88_072270
Chain IDs:JC (auth: Yv)
Chain Length:419
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Toxoplasma gondii

UniProt ID:A0A7J6K328

Ligand Molecules

ATP

Primary Citation

Numerous rRNA molecules form the apicomplexan mitoribosome via repurposed protein and RNA elements.

Shikha, S, Tobiasson, V, Ferreira Silva, M, Ovciarikova, J, Beraldi, D, Muhleip, A, Sheiner, L.Show

Nat Commun 16 817 817 (2025)

PMID: 39827269 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56057-9

Abstact

Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) are essential, and their function of synthesising mitochondrial proteins is universal. The core of almost all mitoribosomes is formed from a small number of long and self-folding rRNA molecules. In contrast, the mitoribosome of the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii assembles from over 50 extremely short rRNA molecules. Here, we use cryo-EM to discover the features that enable this unusual mitoribosome to perform its function. We reveal that poly-A tails added to rRNA molecules are integrated into the ribosome, and we demonstrate their essentiality for mitoribosome formation and for parasite survival. This is a distinct function for poly-A tails, which are otherwise known primarily as stabilisers of messenger RNAs. Furthermore, while ribosomes typically consist of unique rRNA sequences, here nine sequences are used twice, each copy integrated in a different mitoribosome domain, revealing one of the mechanisms enabling the extreme mitochondrial genome reduction characteristic to Apicomplexa and to a large group of related microbial eukaryotes. Finally, several transcription factor-like proteins are repurposed to compensate for reduced or lost critical ribosomal domains, including members of the ApiAP2 family thus far considered to be DNA-binding transcription factors.

Legend

Protein

Chemical

Disease

Primary Citation of related structures