8SMD image
Entry Detail
PDB ID:
8SMD
Title:
Structure of Clostridium botulinum prophage Tad1 in complex with 1''-3' gcADPR
Biological Source:
Source Organism:
Host Organism:
PDB Version:
Deposition Date:
2023-04-26
Release Date:
2023-11-22
Method Details:
Experimental Method:
Resolution:
2.10 Å
R-Value Free:
0.23
R-Value Work:
0.20
R-Value Observed:
0.20
Space Group:
P 21 3
Macromolecular Entities
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Description:ABC transporter ATPase
Chain IDs:A, B
Chain Length:125
Number of Molecules:2
Biological Source:Clostridium botulinum
Ligand Molecules
Primary Citation
Phages overcome bacterial immunity via diverse anti-defence proteins.
Nature 625 352 359 (2024)
PMID: 37992756 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06869-w

Abstact

It was recently shown that bacteria use, apart from CRISPR-Cas and restriction systems, a considerable diversity of phage resistance systems1-4, but it is largely unknown how phages cope with this multilayered bacterial immunity. Here we analysed groups of closely related Bacillus phages that showed differential sensitivity to bacterial defence systems, and discovered four distinct families of anti-defence proteins that inhibit the Gabija, Thoeris and Hachiman systems. We show that these proteins Gad1, Gad2, Tad2 and Had1 efficiently cancel the defensive activity when co-expressed with the respective defence system or introduced into phage genomes. Homologues of these anti-defence proteins are found in hundreds of phages that infect taxonomically diverse bacterial species. We show that the anti-Gabija protein Gad1 blocks the ability of the Gabija defence complex to cleave phage-derived DNA. Our data further reveal that the anti-Thoeris protein Tad2 is a 'sponge' that sequesters the immune signalling molecules produced by Thoeris TIR-domain proteins in response to phage infection. Our results demonstrate that phages encode an arsenal of anti-defence proteins that can disable a variety of bacterial defence mechanisms.

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Primary Citation of related structures