6YDW image
Deposition Date 2020-03-21
Release Date 2020-07-15
Last Version Date 2024-10-16
Entry Detail
PDB ID:
6YDW
Keywords:
Title:
55S mammalian mitochondrial ribosome with mtEFG1 and two tRNAMet (TI-POST)
Biological Source:
Source Organism:
Homo sapiens (Taxon ID: 9606)
Sus scrofa (Taxon ID: 9823)
Host Organism:
Method Details:
Experimental Method:
Resolution:
4.20 Å
Aggregation State:
PARTICLE
Reconstruction Method:
SINGLE PARTICLE
Macromolecular Entities
Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:12S rRNA
Chain IDs:EA (auth: AA), CC (auth: BA)
Chain Length:16181
Number of Molecules:2
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S2
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS2
Chain IDs:FA (auth: AB)
Chain Length:289
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S24
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS24
Chain IDs:GA (auth: AC)
Chain Length:173
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S5
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS5
Chain IDs:HA (auth: AE)
Chain Length:430
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Chain IDs:IA (auth: AF)
Chain Length:188
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S7
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS7
Chain IDs:JA (auth: AG)
Chain Length:410
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS9
Chain IDs:A (auth: AI)
Chain Length:397
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S10
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS10
Chain IDs:KA (auth: AJ)
Chain Length:218
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:uS11m
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS11
Chain IDs:LA (auth: AK)
Chain Length:325
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S12
Chain IDs:MA (auth: AL)
Chain Length:139
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S14
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS14
Chain IDs:NA (auth: AN)
Chain Length:128
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:uS15m
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS15
Chain IDs:OA (auth: AO)
Chain Length:239
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:28S ribosomal protein S16, mitochondrial
Chain IDs:PA (auth: AP)
Chain Length:135
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:uS17m
Chain IDs:QA (auth: AQ)
Chain Length:130
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S18C
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS18C
Chain IDs:RA (auth: AR)
Chain Length:143
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:bS21m
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS21
Chain IDs:SA (auth: AU)
Chain Length:87
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:tRNAMet
Chain IDs:TA (auth: AV), VA (auth: AY)
Chain Length:71
Number of Molecules:2
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:mRNA
Chain IDs:UA (auth: AX)
Chain Length:6
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:unknown peptide
Chain IDs:WA (auth: AZ)
Chain Length:18
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S22
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS22
Chain IDs:XA (auth: Aa)
Chain Length:16181
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS23
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS23
Chain IDs:YA (auth: Ab)
Chain Length:289
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S25
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS25
Chain IDs:ZA (auth: Ac)
Chain Length:173
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S26
Gene (Uniprot):GNRH2
Chain IDs:AB (auth: Ad)
Chain Length:205
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S27
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS27
Chain IDs:BB (auth: Ae)
Chain Length:430
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitoribosomal protein ms28, mrps28
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS28
Chain IDs:DB (auth: Af)
Chain Length:188
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Death associated protein 3
Chain IDs:EB (auth: Ag)
Chain Length:410
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S31
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS31
Chain IDs:FB (auth: Ah)
Chain Length:387
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS33
Chain IDs:GB (auth: Ai)
Chain Length:397
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS34
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS34
Chain IDs:HB (auth: Aj)
Chain Length:218
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S35
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS35
Chain IDs:IB (auth: Ak)
Chain Length:325
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS37
Chain IDs:JB (auth: Am)
Chain Length:118
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Aurora kinase A interacting protein 1
Chain IDs:KB (auth: An)
Chain Length:128
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mS39
Gene (Uniprot):PTCD3
Chain IDs:LB (auth: Ao)
Chain Length:239
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:28S ribosomal protein S18b, mitochondrial
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS18B
Chain IDs:MB (auth: Ap)
Chain Length:135
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L27
Chain IDs:BA (auth: B0)
Chain Length:148
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L28
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL28
Chain IDs:CB (auth: B1)
Chain Length:256
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L47
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL47
Chain IDs:UB (auth: B2)
Chain Length:252
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Chain IDs:VB (auth: B3)
Chain Length:161
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Chain IDs:WB (auth: B4)
Chain Length:126
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL32
Chain IDs:XB (auth: B5)
Chain Length:188
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Chain IDs:YB (auth: B6)
Chain Length:65
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L34
Chain IDs:ZB (auth: B7)
Chain Length:95
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L35
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL35
Chain IDs:AC (auth: B8)
Chain Length:188
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Ribosomal protein
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL36
Chain IDs:BC (auth: B9)
Chain Length:100
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:CP tRNA-Phe
Chain IDs:DC (auth: BB)
Chain Length:73
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Elongation factor G, mitochondrial
Gene (Uniprot):GFM1
Chain IDs:EC (auth: BC)
Chain Length:334
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL2
Chain IDs:FC (auth: BD)
Chain Length:206
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:ICT1
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL3
Chain IDs:GC (auth: BE)
Chain Length:135
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L4
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL4
Chain IDs:HC (auth: BF)
Chain Length:142
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L9
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL9
Chain IDs:IC (auth: BI)
Chain Length:306
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L10
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL10
Chain IDs:JC (auth: BJ)
Chain Length:279
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L11
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL11
Chain IDs:KC (auth: BK)
Chain Length:269
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL13
Chain IDs:LC (auth: BN)
Chain Length:178
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL14
Chain IDs:MC (auth: BO)
Chain Length:145
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Chain IDs:NC (auth: BP)
Chain Length:112
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL16
Chain IDs:OC (auth: BQ)
Chain Length:251
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL17
Chain IDs:PC (auth: BR)
Chain Length:169
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L18
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL18
Chain IDs:QC (auth: BS)
Chain Length:180
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L19
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL19
Chain IDs:B (auth: BT)
Chain Length:292
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L20
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL20
Chain IDs:C (auth: BU)
Chain Length:205
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L21
Chain IDs:D (auth: BV)
Chain Length:209
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Chain IDs:E (auth: BW)
Chain Length:210
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Chain IDs:F (auth: BX)
Chain Length:150
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL24
Chain IDs:G (auth: BY)
Chain Length:216
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L37
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL37
Chain IDs:H (auth: Ba)
Chain Length:16181
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L38
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL38
Chain IDs:I (auth: Bb)
Chain Length:73
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L39
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL39
Chain IDs:J (auth: Bc)
Chain Length:334
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL40
Chain IDs:K (auth: Bd)
Chain Length:206
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L41
Chain IDs:L (auth: Be)
Chain Length:135
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL42
Chain IDs:M (auth: Bf)
Chain Length:142
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L43
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL43
Chain IDs:N (auth: Bg)
Chain Length:159
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL44
Chain IDs:O (auth: Bh)
Chain Length:332
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L45
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL45
Chain IDs:P (auth: Bi)
Chain Length:306
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L46
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL46
Chain IDs:Q (auth: Bj)
Chain Length:279
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:39S ribosomal protein L48, mitochondrial
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL48
Chain IDs:R (auth: Bk)
Chain Length:269
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mrpl34
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL49
Chain IDs:S (auth: Bl)
Chain Length:166
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L50
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL50
Chain IDs:T (auth: Bm)
Chain Length:198
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L51
Chain IDs:U (auth: Bn)
Chain Length:178
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL52
Chain IDs:V (auth: Bo)
Chain Length:145
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:mL53
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL53
Chain IDs:W (auth: Bp)
Chain Length:112
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL54
Chain IDs:X (auth: Bq)
Chain Length:251
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L57
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL57
Chain IDs:Y (auth: Bt)
Chain Length:292
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Gene (Uniprot):MRPL58
Chain IDs:Z (auth: Bu)
Chain Length:205
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Uncharacterized protein
Gene (Uniprot):GADD45GIP1
Chain IDs:AA (auth: Bv)
Chain Length:209
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:39S ribosomal protein S30, mitochondrial
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS30
Chain IDs:CA (auth: Bw)
Chain Length:210
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S18A
Gene (Uniprot):MRPS18A
Chain IDs:DA (auth: Bx)
Chain Length:150
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Structures with similar UniProt ID
Protein Blast
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L12
Chain IDs:NB (auth: CL), OB (auth: DL), PB (auth: EL), QB (auth: FL), RB (auth: GL), SB (auth: HL), TB (auth: LL)
Chain Length:198
Number of Molecules:7
Biological Source:Sus scrofa
Primary Citation
Structural insights into mammalian mitochondrial translation elongation catalyzed by mtEFG1.
Embo J. 39 e104820 e104820 (2020)
PMID: 32602580 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104820

Abstact

Mitochondria are eukaryotic organelles of bacterial origin where respiration takes place to produce cellular chemical energy. These reactions are catalyzed by the respiratory chain complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Notably, key components of the respiratory chain complexes are encoded on the mitochondrial chromosome and their expression relies on a dedicated mitochondrial translation machinery. Defects in the mitochondrial gene expression machinery lead to a variety of diseases in humans mostly affecting tissues with high energy demand such as the nervous system, the heart, or the muscles. The mitochondrial translation system has substantially diverged from its bacterial ancestor, including alterations in the mitoribosomal architecture, multiple changes to the set of translation factors and striking reductions in otherwise conserved tRNA elements. Although a number of structures of mitochondrial ribosomes from different species have been determined, our mechanistic understanding of the mitochondrial translation cycle remains largely unexplored. Here, we present two cryo-EM reconstructions of human mitochondrial elongation factor G1 bound to the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome at two different steps of the tRNA translocation reaction during translation elongation. Our structures explain the mechanism of tRNA and mRNA translocation on the mitoribosome, the regulation of mtEFG1 activity by the ribosomal GTPase-associated center, and the basis of decreased susceptibility of mtEFG1 to the commonly used antibiotic fusidic acid.

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