6BOD image
Entry Detail
PDB ID:
6BOD
Keywords:
Title:
TBK1 in complex with ethyl ester analog of amlexanox
Biological Source:
Source Organism:
Host Organism:
PDB Version:
Deposition Date:
2017-11-19
Release Date:
2018-09-26
Method Details:
Experimental Method:
Resolution:
3.20 Å
R-Value Free:
0.27
R-Value Work:
0.22
R-Value Observed:
0.22
Space Group:
P 32 2 1
Macromolecular Entities
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Description:Serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1
Chain IDs:A
Chain Length:660
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Ligand Molecules
Primary Citation
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives of Amlexanox Display Enhanced Potency toward TBK1 and IKKepsilonand Reveal Mechanisms for Selective Inhibition.
Mol. Pharmacol. 94 1210 1219 (2018)
PMID: 30082428 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.112185

Abstact

Chronic low-grade inflammation is a hallmark of obesity, which is a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. The drug amlexanox inhibits IκB kinase ε (IKKε) and TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) to promote energy expenditure and improve insulin sensitivity. Clinical studies have demonstrated efficacy in a subset of diabetic patients with underlying adipose tissue inflammation, albeit with moderate potency, necessitating the need for improved analogs. Herein we report crystal structures of TBK1 in complex with amlexanox and a series of analogs that modify its carboxylic acid moiety. Removal of the carboxylic acid or mutation of the adjacent Thr156 residue significantly reduces potency toward TBK1, whereas conversion to a short amide or ester nearly abolishes the inhibitory effects. IKKε is less affected by these modifications, possibly due to variation in its hinge that allows for increased conformational plasticity. Installation of a tetrazole carboxylic acid bioisostere improved potency to 200 and 400 nM toward IKKε and TBK1, respectively. Despite improvements in the in vitro potency, no analog produced a greater response in adipocytes than amlexanox, perhaps because of altered absorption and distribution. The structure-activity relationships and cocrystal structures described herein will aid in future structure-guided inhibitor development using the amlexanox pharmacophore for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

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Primary Citation of related structures