5TW3 image
Entry Detail
PDB ID:
5TW3
Title:
Crystal Structure of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase in Complex with 5-(2-(2-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)ethoxy)-4-fluorophenoxy)-7-fluoro-2-naphthonitrile (JLJ636), a Non-nucleoside Inhibitor
Biological Source:
PDB Version:
Deposition Date:
2016-11-11
Release Date:
2017-03-15
Method Details:
Experimental Method:
Resolution:
2.85 Å
R-Value Free:
0.27
R-Value Work:
0.22
R-Value Observed:
0.22
Space Group:
C 1 2 1
Macromolecular Entities
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Description:HIV-1 REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE, P66 SUBUNIT
Mutations:C280S, K172A, K173A
Chain IDs:A
Chain Length:557
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BH10)
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Description:HIV-1 REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE, P51 SUBUNIT
Mutations:C280S
Chain IDs:B
Chain Length:428
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BH10)
Primary Citation
Structural and Preclinical Studies of Computationally Designed Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors for Treating HIV infection.
Mol. Pharmacol. 91 383 391 (2017)
PMID: 28167742 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.107755

Abstact

The clinical benefits of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NNRTIs) are hindered by their unsatisfactory pharmacokinetic (PK) properties along with the rapid development of drug-resistant variants. However, the clinical efficacy of these inhibitors can be improved by developing compounds with enhanced pharmacological profiles and heightened antiviral activity. We used computational and structure-guided design to develop two next-generation NNRTI drug candidates, compounds I and II, which are members of a class of catechol diethers. We evaluated the preclinical potential of these compounds in BALB/c mice because of their high solubility (510 µg/ml for compound I and 82.9 µg/ml for compound II), low cytotoxicity, and enhanced antiviral activity against wild-type (WT) HIV-1 RT and resistant variants. Additionally, crystal structures of compounds I and II with WT RT suggested an optimal binding to the NNRTI binding pocket favoring the high anti-viral potency. A single intraperitoneal dose of compounds I and II exhibited a prolonged serum residence time of 48 hours and concentration maximum (Cmax) of 4000- to 15,000-fold higher than their therapeutic/effective concentrations. These Cmax values were 4- to 15-fold lower than their cytotoxic concentrations observed in MT-2 cells. Compound II showed an enhanced area under the curve (0-last) and decreased plasma clearance over compound I and efavirenz, the standard of care NNRTI. Hence, the overall (PK) profile of compound II was excellent compared with that of compound I and efavirenz. Furthermore, both compounds were very well tolerated in BALB/c mice without any detectable acute toxicity. Taken together, these data suggest that compounds I and II possess improved anti-HIV-1 potency, remarkable in vivo safety, and prolonged in vivo circulation time, suggesting strong potential for further development as new NNRTIs for the potential treatment of HIV infection.

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