2XR9 image
Entry Detail
PDB ID:
2XR9
Keywords:
Title:
Crystal structure of Autotaxin (ENPP2)
Biological Source:
Source Organism:
Host Organism:
PDB Version:
Deposition Date:
2010-09-13
Release Date:
2011-01-19
Method Details:
Experimental Method:
Resolution:
2.05 Å
R-Value Free:
0.22
R-Value Work:
0.17
R-Value Observed:
0.17
Space Group:
P 1
Macromolecular Entities
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Description:ECTONUCLEOTIDE PYROPHOSPHATASE/PHOSPHODIESTERASE FAMILY MEMBER 2
Mutations:YES
Chain IDs:A
Chain Length:827
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:RATTUS NORVEGICUS
Modified Residue
Compound ID Chain ID Parent Comp ID Details 2D Image
ASN A ASN GLYCOSYLATION SITE
Primary Citation

Abstact

Autotaxin (ATX, also known as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-2, ENPP2) is a secreted lysophospholipase D that generates the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a mitogen and chemoattractant for many cell types. ATX-LPA signaling is involved in various pathologies including tumor progression and inflammation. However, the molecular basis of substrate recognition and catalysis by ATX and the mechanism by which it interacts with target cells are unclear. Here, we present the crystal structure of ATX, alone and in complex with a small-molecule inhibitor. We have identified a hydrophobic lipid-binding pocket and mapped key residues for catalysis and selection between nucleotide and phospholipid substrates. We have shown that ATX interacts with cell-surface integrins through its N-terminal somatomedin B-like domains, using an atypical mechanism. Our results define determinants of substrate discrimination by the ENPP family, suggest how ATX promotes localized LPA signaling and suggest new approaches for targeting ATX with small-molecule therapeutic agents.

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Primary Citation of related structures