2N6R image
Entry Detail
PDB ID:
2N6R
Keywords:
Title:
NMR structure of spider toxin U4-hexatoxin-Hi1a
Biological Source:
Source Organism:
Host Organism:
PDB Version:
Deposition Date:
2015-08-28
Release Date:
2016-08-31
Method Details:
Experimental Method:
Conformers Calculated:
200
Conformers Submitted:
20
Selection Criteria:
Lowest energy and best stereochemical properties
Macromolecular Entities
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Description:U4-hexatoxin-Hi1a
Chain IDs:A
Chain Length:76
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Hadronyche infensa
Ligand Molecules
Primary Citation
Structural venomics reveals evolution of a complex venom by duplication and diversification of an ancient peptide-encoding gene.
Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 117 11399 11408 (2020)
PMID: 32398368 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914536117

Abstact

Spiders are one of the most successful venomous animals, with more than 48,000 described species. Most spider venoms are dominated by cysteine-rich peptides with a diverse range of pharmacological activities. Some spider venoms contain thousands of unique peptides, but little is known about the mechanisms used to generate such complex chemical arsenals. We used an integrated transcriptomic, proteomic, and structural biology approach to demonstrate that the lethal Australian funnel-web spider produces 33 superfamilies of venom peptides and proteins. Twenty-six of the 33 superfamilies are disulfide-rich peptides, and we show that 15 of these are knottins that contribute >90% of the venom proteome. NMR analyses revealed that most of these disulfide-rich peptides are structurally related and range in complexity from simple to highly elaborated knottin domains, as well as double-knot toxins, that likely evolved from a single ancestral toxin gene.

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Primary Citation of related structures