2MYW image
Entry Detail
PDB ID:
2MYW
Title:
Solution structure of M. oryzae protein AVR-PIA
Biological Source:
Source Organism:
Host Organism:
PDB Version:
Deposition Date:
2015-01-30
Release Date:
2015-10-14
Method Details:
Experimental Method:
Conformers Calculated:
20
Conformers Submitted:
20
Selection Criteria:
structures with the lowest energy
Macromolecular Entities
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Description:AVR-Pia protein
Chain IDs:A
Chain Length:97
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Magnaporthe oryzae
Ligand Molecules
Primary Citation
Structure Analysis Uncovers a Highly Diverse but Structurally Conserved Effector Family in Phytopathogenic Fungi.
Plos Pathog. 11 e1005228 e1005228 (2015)
PMID: 26506000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005228

Abstact

Phytopathogenic ascomycete fungi possess huge effector repertoires that are dominated by hundreds of sequence-unrelated small secreted proteins. The molecular function of these effectors and the evolutionary mechanisms that generate this tremendous number of singleton genes are largely unknown. To get a deeper understanding of fungal effectors, we determined by NMR spectroscopy the 3-dimensional structures of the Magnaporthe oryzae effectors AVR1-CO39 and AVR-Pia. Despite a lack of sequence similarity, both proteins have very similar 6 β-sandwich structures that are stabilized in both cases by a disulfide bridge between 2 conserved cysteins located in similar positions of the proteins. Structural similarity searches revealed that AvrPiz-t, another effector from M. oryzae, and ToxB, an effector of the wheat tan spot pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis have the same structures suggesting the existence of a family of sequence-unrelated but structurally conserved fungal effectors that we named MAX-effectors (Magnaporthe Avrs and ToxB like). Structure-informed pattern searches strengthened this hypothesis by identifying MAX-effector candidates in a broad range of ascomycete phytopathogens. Strong expansion of the MAX-effector family was detected in M. oryzae and M. grisea where they seem to be particularly important since they account for 5-10% of the effector repertoire and 50% of the cloned avirulence effectors. Expression analysis indicated that the majority of M. oryzae MAX-effectors are expressed specifically during early infection suggesting important functions during biotrophic host colonization. We hypothesize that the scenario observed for MAX-effectors can serve as a paradigm for ascomycete effector diversity and that the enormous number of sequence-unrelated ascomycete effectors may in fact belong to a restricted set of structurally conserved effector families.

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Primary Citation of related structures